{"id":432,"date":"2018-01-22T09:54:15","date_gmt":"2018-01-22T07:54:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/?page_id=432"},"modified":"2025-11-20T14:28:39","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T12:28:39","slug":"frequently-asked-questions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/questions\/frequently-asked-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"Frequently asked questions"},"content":{"rendered":"<span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n&amp;nbsp<br \/>\nYou can see the answer by clicking the question with your mouse.<\/p>\n<h2>What is tuberculosis?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">What is tuberculosis?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Transmission of TB<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">How tuberculosis spreads?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Tuberculosis (TB) is spread from one person to other through the air. TB bacteria are released into the air\u00a0when a person with TB disease of the lungs speaks, coughs, sneezes or sings. Other persons staying in the\u00a0same room may get bacteria in their own lungs when they breathe in this air and may get infected. Family\u00a0members living together with the sick persons are most likely to get infected.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get infected if I clean the home of a patient who was hospitalized because of tuberculosis?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Tuberculosis (TB) is not spread by sharing dishes, drinks, food or clothes or touching surfaces. TB bacteria\u00a0are released into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs speaks, coughs, sneezes or sings. Other\u00a0persons staying in the same indoor environment (e.g. same room or flat) may get bacteria in their lungs\u00a0when they breathe in this air and get infected. After the sick person leaves the room, TB bacteria will\u00a0remain in the room air for hours, especially in small places with poor ventilation. If the sick person has left\u00a0the room many hours ago or the room has been ventilated, there is no risk of TB for the person cleaning\u00a0the room.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get infected when I shake hands or embrace a person with TB disease?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">No. \u00a0Tuberculosis is not spread through touch or contact with skin. See above: How tuberculosis spreads?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get infected if I have used the same means of public transportation together with someone who had TB disease of the lungs?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">There is no risk of infection with tuberculosis (TB) during casual, short and single travel e.g. in a bus or train. \u00a0Risk is bigger if you travel repeatedly in the same bus or train with the person who has TB disease. If you\u00a0are flying and someone on the same flight has TB disease, persons on flights lasting 8 hours or longer are at\u00a0greater risk than persons on shorter flights. At greatest risk are those who sit close to (two rows in front\u00a0and behind) the person with TB. The authorities in charge of infectious diseases can find out who these\u00a0persons are and contact them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Are all patients with TB disease infectious?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">No. In practice only a person with tuberculosis (TB) disease of the lungs can spread it. The sick person\u00a0infects others more easily if he\/she has cavities in the lungs or if bacteria are detected in the sputum smear\u00a0examination.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Does everyone who has been in contact with a patient with TB get infected?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">No. Tuberculosis (TB) is not easily transmitted. Only one third of those who have had a close and prolonged\u00a0contact with a person with infectious TB disease get infected. Family members who live together are at\u00a0highest risk. Only part of infected persons will develop TB disease.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Is there a test for TB infection?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">There is no single good test available to find out if a person has TB infection. Two tests are being used: skin\u00a0test (the Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test, TST) and blood-test (IGRA). The tests are used according to\u00a0national recommendations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Is a person with TB infection infectious?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">No.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can TB infection be treated?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes. It is possible to treat TB infection with medication. In Finland, medication is given to those in contact\u00a0of TB patients who are infected and are less than 16 years old. Medication can be offered also to some\u00a0adults according to national recommendations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Diagnosis of TB disease<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">How is TB disease diagnosed?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">\n<p>TB of the lungs is usually detected in the chest radiograph (x-ray) and confirmed by sputum examinations. With a special staining method and microscopical examination of sputum it is possible to detect bacteria in the sputum. If TB grows in the culture it confirms the diagnosis. Sometimes it is necessary to perform a bronchoscopy or computed tomography (CT) of the lungs.<\/p>\n<p>A small child swallows sputum and cannot produce samples like adults. Therefore a specimen for staining and culturing is obtained by gastric aspirate. This is performed in the hospital.<\/p>\n<p>Various imaging techniques are used when examining TB in other sites than lungs. In addition, a sample of the tissue or pus from the body site where the disease is located is taken and examined.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Where is the patient examined?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">The place of examination depends on the condition and symptoms of the patient. Chest x-ray can be taken at the primary health care e.g. at the health station. Sputum samples can be collected at home during three consecutive mornings.<br \/>\nThe diagnosis is done and the treatment is always started in the hospital in the specialized health care. Children under 16-years of age are examined in the children\u2019s clinic and wards in the hospital. Adults are examined in different wards depending on their symptoms. For example if TB of the lungs is suspected, the examinations are done in the outpatient department or in the ward of lung clinic. If TB of lymph nodes of the neck is suspected, an ear specialist will examine the patient.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>How can you get TB?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get TB from spoons or cups, or if I drink from the same bottle as somebody who has TB? <\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">No you can\u2019t, since the bacteria can\u2019t cause TB if they are swallowed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get TB if I sleep in a bed where somebody who has TB has slept earlier? <\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">No you can\u2019t unless he\/she is still sleeping in the same room. The bacteria stick to the bed sheets and are not lifting into the air even if you shake the bed sheets. That\u2019s why you can\u2019t breathe them in.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get TB in a bus if I sit close to somebody who coughs?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">You don\u2019t have to be afraid to use busses or trains because of TB. TB is not easily spread. To get TB you have to be usually several hours near a person who has TB. You should anyhow move little bit far away from a couching person and wash your hands after you have left the bus. The person who is coughing can have flue which is much easily spread.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get TB if some of my relatives comes to live with me and has serious cough? <\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes you can, if he\/she has TB. If your relative has been coughing long, take him\/her to examinations. By doing so you will find out the cause of his\/her cough.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get TB during sexual intercourse? <\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">\n<ul>\n<li>You can\u2019t get TB from sexual intercourse or through kissing. However, if your partner has had long cough he\/she can have TB. If you spend long time with him\/her it is possible to get TB.<\/li>\n<li>If your partner is getting treatment for TB you can have sexual intercourse with him\/her. A TB patient who receives regular treatment does not spread the disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>TB disease<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Is tuberculosis my own fault?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">No. Regardless of race, gender, age, profession or social status, anyone who gets infected with TB bacteria can develop TB disease.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I get tuberculosis even if I am completely healthy and have taken good care of myself?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes you can.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Do all the people who have been in contact with patient who has infectious TB disease get TB?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">No. Only one in ten healthy adults infected with TB bacteria develops TB disease. About half of them get symptoms within two years of infection. The second half will develop TB disease sometime later in life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Do children or young people get TB disease easier than adults?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes. Babies and young children have a weak immune system. If they are infected with TB bacteria they can get ill very quickly and the illness can be life threatening. Also young people, who are about 15-20 years old, have a higher risk of developing TB disease than adults.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">How do diseases or medications that weaken the immune system affect the risk of developing TB disease?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Certain diseases or drug treatments can weaken the immune system. When a person\u2019s immune system gets weak, the body cannot so well control TB bacteria. If bacteria multiplies in the body, TB disease can develop. For this reason the chance of developing TB disease is higher among such persons.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Why is it important to know if I have HIV infection?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Because HIV infection weakens the immune system, people with TB infection and HIV infection have a very high risk of developing TB disease in their lifetime.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Is TB disease in people infected with HIV similar to others?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">People with HIV infection have more often TB in places other than the lungs compared to those who do not have HIV. If HIV infection has not been treated and the person has AIDS, TB disease can develop very rapidly. The disease can spread throughout the body and be very severe.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Are patients with TB disease tested for HIV?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A test for HIV is routinely taken from each TB patient.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">How soon do symptoms of TB disease appear, after a person gets infected with TB bacteria?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">This depends on the person\u2019s age, his\/her immunity system and among small children on vaccine protection. Children less than five years old who have not received BCG vaccination, can get sick rapidly (even one month after they get infected with TB bacteria).<br \/>\nAdults whose immune system is normal can get symptoms within 6 -12 months after infection with TB, but the delay can be decades long. TB bacteria can lie dormant (sleeping) in their body (latent TB infection) and the infection can develop to TB disease later when their immune system gets weakened because of ageing, diseases or medication.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Which part of the body does tuberculosis affect?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">TB bacteria can cause inflammation in any organ, but it most often affects the lungs. Two thirds of TB cases are TB of the lungs.<br \/>\nThe most common form of TB in other sites than lungs is TB of the lymph nodes. A person sick with TB may have at the same time both TB of the lungs and TB in sites other than the lungs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">\n<p>General symptoms of TB disease are loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, heavy sweating at night, chills or fever. With children, TB may appear as poor growth and development.<\/p>\n<p>Local symptoms of TB disease depend on which part of the body is affected. The most important symptom of TB of the lungs is cough that lasts over three weeks. Cough can turn chesty with time. The person can cough up yellow, brown or bloodstained sputum.<\/p>\n<p>If a person has TB of the lymph nodes, the inflamed gland swells or increases in size. Usually the infected lymph node is in the neck, but it can also be in the armpits or in the groin. Usually such a lymph node does not cause pain and it feels firm. As the disease progresses the node can become fluctuant, red and tender. A lymph node which has become an abscess can burst and produce pus to the skin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Treatment for TB disease<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">How is TB disease treated?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">\n<p>TB disease is always treated at first with a combination of four medicines. The basic TB drugs are rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.<\/p>\n<p>The drug doses are prescribed according to the patient\u2019s weight. TB medication must be taken regularly every day in an empty stomach. It is not always easy. That is why, in Finland, a qualified worker is present to support the patient when taking the medication. At the same time, the worker makes sure the patient swallows every dosage and observes possible adverse effects of medication. Every person who has contracted TB disease has the right for such observed treatment. If a patient interrupts treatment on his own or stops taking some medicine every now and then it can lead to development of a TB strain which is resistant to TB medication.<\/p>\n<p>Treatment of ordinary TB which is sensitive to basic TB drugs lasts at least six months. The treatment can last longer if the disease is severe. In normal cases 4 drugs are used during the first two months then two drugs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">How much does treatment for TB disease cost?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Tuberculosis is a generally hazardous communicable disease. According to the communicable diseases act, treatment for TB and examinations for TB when TB is suspected are free-of-charge to the patient in Finland.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Is TB curable?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">TB disease can be cured with modern TB medication when started early enough.<br \/>\nIt is more difficult to treat drug resistant TB because of lack of effective drugs. Two out of three persons who have drug resistant TB are cured when they get a long two-year treatment for TB.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can TB disease cause permanent damage in my body?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Most patients will be completely cured. If the start of the treatment has been delayed and TB has caused large damage for example in lungs, it is possible that the body will not recover totally. Sometimes it is necessary to make an operation to accomplish cure in severe TB disease.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I influence my recovery from TB myself?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes you can. Follow the instructions given by your doctor and nurse. Do your share to make directly observed treatment work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Should I pay attention to nutrition during TB treatment?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes. It is important that you eat well so that your body gets energy. If you are undernourished and you have lost much weight, the dietician in the hospital can make you an individual meal plan.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">When can I restart sports activities?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">TB is associated with fatigue, which gradually disappears as the person gets better. At the beginning of the treatment it is necessary to rest. Walking daily at a slow pace is possible as soon as you feel strong enough to go out. Your doctor will give you more specific instructions on how to step up physical exercise.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can I have sex while I am being treated for TB?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes you can. It is however important to remember, that at the beginning of the treatment, you may be so tired that sex does not interest you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">May I get pregnant while I am being treated for TB?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">It is advised to avoid getting pregnant while being treated for TB. TB medication affects also the fetus, and some of the medicines are not safe during pregnancy. A woman in fertile age who has TB disease should discuss with her doctor to find a suitable method for birth control during TB treatment. The effectiveness of contraceptive pills weakens due to TB medication and you cannot rely on them as a birth control method during the TB treatment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">What is drug resistant TB?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">\n<p>Inappropriate or incorrect use of anti-TB drugs can cause drug resistance. This means that initially drug sensitive TB is treated with only one or two drugs or the treatment is too short or the treatment has been interrupted many times. Disease caused by resistant TB bacteria fails to respond to conventional, standard anti-TB drugs. Resistant tuberculosis may be transmitted in a similar way as drug sensitive TB.<\/p>\n<p>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, MDR-TB, is a form of TB caused by bacteria that do not respond to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful, first-line anti-TB drugs. Extensively drug-resistant TB, XDR-TB, is a form of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis that responds to even fewer available medicines, including the most effective second-line anti-TB drugs.<\/p>\n<p>Multidrug-resistant TB is found all over the world. More than half of these cases are in reported in India, China and the former Soviet Union. In Finland there are under ten new drug resistant TB cases annually.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">How is drug resistant TB treated?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">If the patient has multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) &#8211; TB he\/she is treated with a combination of five or six drugs. Treatment usually lasts for two years.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can TB medicines have adverse effects<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes they can. Read more about <a title=\"Adverse effects of TB medicines\" href=\"http:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/help\/adverse-effects-of-tb-medicines\/\">adverse effects of TB medicines<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Isolation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">When is a patient who has TB disease isolated in the hospital?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Read more about this in <a title=\"Isolation\" href=\"http:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/help\/isolation\/\">help\/Isolation<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Why is a patient with infectious TB disease isolated in the hospital?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Read more about this in <a title=\"Isolation\" href=\"http:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/help\/isolation\/\">help\/Isolation<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">For how long will the patient be in isolation?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Read more about this in <a title=\"Isolation\" href=\"http:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/help\/isolation\/\">help\/Isolation<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Can the patient who has TB disease receive visitors during the period he or she is isolated?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Read more about this in <a title=\"Isolation\" href=\"http:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/help\/isolation\/\">help\/Isolation<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Is it possible to isolate a person against his or her will?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Yes, it is possible. According to Communicable Diseases Act, a decision for involuntary isolation can be done for two months at a time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">When is involuntary isolation used?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Involuntary isolation must be used for example when a patient is suffering from infectious TB disease and has repeatedly interrupted treatment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<p><button class=\"faq-question\">Is it possible for a patient to get home during the period he or she is infectious?<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">Read more about this in <a title=\"Isolation\" href=\"http:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/help\/isolation\/\">Help\/Isolation<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&amp;nbsp You can see the answer by clicking the question with your mouse. What is tuberculosis? What is tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Transmission of TB How tuberculosis spreads? Tuberculosis (TB) is spread from one person to other through the air. TB bacteria are released into the air\u00a0when &#8230; <a title=\"Frequently asked questions\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/questions\/frequently-asked-questions\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Frequently asked questions<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":109,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-432","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Frequently asked questions - tuberculosis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/en\/questions\/frequently-asked-questions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Frequently asked questions - tuberculosis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&amp;nbsp You can see the answer by clicking the question with your mouse. What is tuberculosis? What is tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Transmission of TB How tuberculosis spreads? Tuberculosis (TB) is spread from one person to other through the air. TB bacteria are released into the air\u00a0when ... 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