{"id":405,"date":"2018-06-27T11:05:02","date_gmt":"2018-06-27T11:05:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/se\/?page_id=405"},"modified":"2023-01-04T13:05:33","modified_gmt":"2023-01-04T13:05:33","slug":"mdr-tuberkulos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/se\/tuberkulos\/mdr-tuberkulos\/","title":{"rendered":"MDR-tuberkulos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Information om l\u00e4kemedelsresistent mdr-tuberkulos och dess v\u00e5rd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vad \u00e4r MDR-tuberkulos?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuberkulos , som \u00e4r resistent mot m\u00e5nga l\u00e4kemedel, kallas f\u00f6r MDR-TB. F\u00f6rkortningen kommer ur den engelska termen m<\/span><\/strong>ultid<\/span><\/strong>rug r<\/span><\/strong>esistant t<\/span><\/strong>ub<\/span><\/strong>erculosis. Vid v\u00e5rden av denna tuberkulos kan man inte anv\u00e4nda de viktigaste och effektivaste tuberkulosmedicinerna, rifampicin och isoniazid. Om tuberkulos ocks\u00e5 \u00e4r resistent mot fluorokinoloner kallas det pre-XDR tuberkulos. XDR (extensively drug resistent) tuberkulos \u00e4r resistent mot bedaquilin och\/eller linezolid ut\u00f6ver de l\u00e4kemedel som n\u00e4mns ovan.<\/p>\n

Hur kan man f\u00e5 MDR-tuberkulos?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuberkulosen smittar alltid p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt, via luften. Smittan f\u00e5r man av en person, som insjuknat i denna form av tuberkulos. St\u00f6rsta antalet fall f\u00f6rekommer i l\u00e4nder med d\u00e5liga m\u00f6jligheter till tuberkulosdiagnostik (det finns ingen expertis eller utrustning) eller medicinsk behandling. V\u00e5rdpraxis kan ocks\u00e5 vara bristf\u00e4llig.<\/p>\n

I bland h\u00e4nder det, att en till en b\u00f6rjan l\u00e4kemedelsk\u00e4nslig tuberkulos under v\u00e5rdens g\u00e5ng utvecklar resistens mot rifampicin och isoniazid. Detta kan ske, om tuberkulosens v\u00e5rd \u00e4r oregelbunden, eller den avbryts av \u00e5terkommande eller l\u00e5nga pauser.<\/p>\n

MDR-tuberkulos finns \u00f6verallt i v\u00e4rlden. N\u00e4ra h\u00e4lften av de insjuknade \u00e4r bosatta i Indien, Kina eller Ryssland. Speciellt m\u00e5nga MDR-tuberkulosfall \u00e5terfinns inom WHOs europeiska omr\u00e5de, speciellt utanf\u00f6r EU\/EES-l\u00e4nderna.<\/p>\n

I Finland \u00e4r den l\u00e4kemedelsresistenta tuberkulosen ovanlig: \u00e5rligen konstateras n\u00e5gra fall av MDR-tuberkulos. Endast enstaka fall av XDR-tuberkulos har f\u00f6rekommit p\u00e5 2010- och 2020-talet.<\/p>\n

Hur v\u00e5rdas en patient som har MDR-tuberkulos?<\/strong><\/p>\n

MDR-tuberkulosen m\u00e5ste sk\u00f6tas l\u00e4nge och med en kombination av flera l\u00e4kemedel. Till en b\u00f6rjan beh\u00f6vs 5\u20137 olika mediciner; n\u00e4r v\u00e5rden b\u00f6rjat ta effekt, kan medicinerna reduceras till 4\u20135. M\u00e5let \u00e4r alltid att finna b\u00e4sta m\u00f6jliga l\u00e4kemedelskombination f\u00f6r varje patient. Den ansvariga l\u00e4karen f\u00e5r st\u00f6d fr\u00e5n en nationell expertgrupp f\u00f6r tuberkulosv\u00e5rd, som ger en rekommendation ang\u00e5ende l\u00e4kemedelskombinationen.<\/p>\n

L\u00e4kemedelsv\u00e5rden av MDR-tuberkulos kan f\u00f6rorsaka biverkningar. Patienten f\u00e5r information om dessa och instruktioner, som hj\u00e4lper henne att p\u00e5 egen hand uppf\u00f6lja v\u00e5rden. Biverkningarna kan lindras p\u00e5 m\u00e5nga s\u00e4tt. Ibland m\u00e5ste man dock upph\u00f6ra med ett l\u00e4kemedel, som f\u00f6rorsakar en allvarlig biverkning.<\/p>\n

V\u00e5rden av MDR-tuberkulos tar vanligen tv\u00e5 \u00e5r. Ibland r\u00e4cker det inte med l\u00e4kemedelsv\u00e5rden, utan tillfrisknandet kan ocks\u00e5 kr\u00e4va en operation.<\/p>\n

Hurudan \u00e4r prognosen f\u00f6r en patient med MDR-tuberkulos?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endast genom att engagera sig i den dagliga medicineringen kan man tillfriskna fr\u00e5n MDR-tuberkulos. H\u00e4r f\u00e5r man st\u00f6d av en utbildad person, som \u00f6vervakar tagandet av tuberkulosmedicinerna och f\u00f6ljer med eventuella biverkningar.<\/p>\n

V\u00e5rdresultatet vid MDR-tuberkulos beror p\u00e5 flera faktorer. Sjukdomens omfattning, tuberkulosstammens motst\u00e5ndskraft, den sjukas \u00e5lder och \u00f6vriga sjukdomar, samt den sjukas tolerans f\u00f6r medicinerna inverkar p\u00e5 tillfrisknandet. V\u00e5rden av MDR-tuberkulos misslyckas oftare \u00e4n v\u00e5rden av vanlig tuberkulos. Detta beror p\u00e5 att medicinerna \u00e4r mindre effektiva, och den l\u00e5nga v\u00e5rdtiden medf\u00f6r en st\u00f6rre sannolikhet f\u00f6r biverkningar.<\/p>\n

F\u00f6r v\u00e5rden av MDR-tuberkulos skulle nya, mer effektiva mediciner beh\u00f6vas. S\u00e5dana \u00e4r under utveckling internationellt.<\/p>\n

\n

MDR patientens guide<\/h2>\n

Behandling av MDR-tuberkulos \u00e4r l\u00e5ng och kr\u00e4vande. Det \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r Filhas experter har utarbetat en separat guide f\u00f6r dessa patienter:<\/p>\n

\"mdr-tuberkulos\"<\/a>MDR-potilaan opas (finska, n\u00e4t)<\/a><\/p>\n

MDR-potilaan opas (finska, tryck)<\/a><\/p>\n

MDR TB patient guide (engelska, n\u00e4t)<\/a><\/p>\n

MDR TB patient guide (engelska, tryck)<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0422\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0437 \u0441 \u041c\u041b\u0423 – \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 (ryska, n\u00e4t)<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0422\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0437 \u0441 \u041c\u041b\u0423 – \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 (ryska, tryck)<\/a><\/p>\n

\u041c\u041b\u0421 \u0422\u0411 – \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f i\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446i\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441i\u0431 \u0437 \u0446\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c (ukrainiska, n\u00e4t)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Information om l\u00e4kemedelsresistent mdr-tuberkulos och dess v\u00e5rd Vad \u00e4r MDR-tuberkulos? Tuberkulos , som \u00e4r resistent mot m\u00e5nga l\u00e4kemedel, kallas f\u00f6r MDR-TB. F\u00f6rkortningen kommer ur den engelska termen multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Vid v\u00e5rden av denna tuberkulos kan man inte anv\u00e4nda de viktigaste och effektivaste tuberkulosmedicinerna, rifampicin och isoniazid. Om tuberkulos ocks\u00e5 \u00e4r resistent mot fluorokinoloner kallas … L\u00e4s merMDR-tuberkulos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5,"menu_order":15,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-405","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"\nMDR-tuberkulos - Tuberkulos - tuberkuloosi.fi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MDR-tuberkulos (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis) \u00e4r en form av tuberkulos som \u00e4r resistent mot m\u00e5nga l\u00e4kemedel.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/se\/tuberkulos\/mdr-tuberkulos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MDR-tuberkulos - Tuberkulos - tuberkuloosi.fi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MDR-tuberkulos (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis) \u00e4r en form av tuberkulos som \u00e4r resistent mot m\u00e5nga l\u00e4kemedel.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tuberkuloosi.fi\/se\/tuberkulos\/mdr-tuberkulos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tuberkulos - 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